![]() ![]() This coinage was produced in the London mint for use in Ireland.At last, everyone agreed, that Ireland’s commercial future was assured. Meanwhile, to ‘grease the cogs’ of commerce a new ‘regal’ coinage was introduced in the 1730’s following the failed recent experiment of Wood’s Hibernia coinage of the 1720’s. A prosperous farming class developed (historians do not agree on the extent of poverty at this time).The east and south became more Anglicised and commercialised.Bad harvests saw rural destitution, but afterwards both the population and economy expanded.Anti-Catholic legislation (Penal Laws) was being pushed more by Irish Protestants than by the English.Catholic freeholders formally lost the vote.Despite the English tariff on Irish woollens after the boom of the 1690s, the industry diversified.Trading networks expanded as transport improved.Colonial restrictions caused few problems.Linen became a huge domestic industry, dominated by Protestants.Textiles and agricultural exports mainly went to England.Many towns prospered the cattle-market was an important source of prosperity.A resumed French advance on Hanover was halted by British–Hanoverian forces at the Battle of Mindenįrom an Irish perspective, the reign of George II was somewhat mixed :.A French plan to invade Britain was defeated following naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay.In the annus mirabilis of 1759, British forces captured Quebec and Guadeloupe.The war involved multiple theatres from Europe to North America and India, where British dominance increased with the victories of Robert Clive over French forces and their allies at the Battles of Arcot and Plassey.Great Britain, Hanover and Prussia and their allies Hesse-Kassel and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel were pitted against other European powers, including France, Austria, Russia, Sweden and Saxony.A French invasion of the British-held island of Minorca led to the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War in 1756.In 1754, hostility between France and Britain, particularly over the colonization of North America, continued. ![]() In 1745, supporters of the Catholic claimant to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart (“The Old Pretender”), led by James’s son Charles Edward Stuart (“The Young Pretender” or “Bonnie Prince Charlie”), attempted and failed to depose George II in the last of the Jacobite rebellions.In 1701, his grandmother, Sophia of Hanover, became second in line to the British throne after about 50 Catholics higher in line were excluded by the Act of Settlement, which restricted the succession to Protestants.Prior to this, in 1708, George participated in the Battle of Oudenarde with the Hanoverian cavalry.During the War of the Austrian Succession, George participated at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743.He was also the last British monarch to lead an army in battle.he was born in Hanover and brought up in northern Germany.He was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain.history tended to view him with disdain, concentrating on his mistresses, short temper and boorishness.As king, he exercised little control over British domestic policy, which was largely controlled by the Parliament.King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire ![]()
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